Technological advances are changing the way fire and emergency-service organizations communicate. The influx of headset systems, used in conjunction with mobile and portable two-way radios, has dramatically enhanced communication for fire and rescue personnel. Today's headset communication systems are improving firefighter safety, response times and risk management.

While the use of headset systems enhances fire operations and consequently public safety, there are safety benefits for the firefighters as well. Hearing protection is a key concern for those who work in any high-noise environment. NFPA 1500, Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program, states that hearing protection shall be provided for and used by all members operating or riding on fire apparatus when subject to noise in excess of 90dB. OSHA has determined that prolonged exposure to sound levels above 85dB can cause permanent hearing loss. Firefighters working next to running apparatus or sirens could be exposed to sounds as loud as 120dB.

Headset uses

Critical communications, both en route and on scene, often are disrupted by loud sirens, air horns, engines and background noise. Headset intercom systems help firefighters communicate clearly when every second counts. The crew on the apparatus can coordinate during their approach, and the operator and officer can communicate with dispatch and other units at the scene.

“At times we had to scream at one another and read lips between the driver and the officer,” says Chief Frank Porcella of Margate (Fla.) Fire Rescue, which recently installed a headset intercom system. “We used to turn off the siren just to hear the dispatcher. Now all that has been eliminated. Everyone can hear dispatch without missing a word because of noise or outside interference.”

Many departments still use a horn as a means of communication. Intercom systems also can be used to improve communication between the driver and the tiller operator, which is especially useful in negotiating corners and tight spots, reducing the chance of accidents.

Portable headset communication systems can be specifically designed to enhance communication during highly dangerous aerial operations. Typically, basket personnel must yell into a talk-back speaker and hope that they are heard and understood back at the pump panel position. “The system really enhanced communication between the platform and our turntable operators,” says Edward Sherlock Jr. of the Maryland Office of Emergency Services. “Voice communication is clear, and they are able to discuss their next move at normal voice levels.”

Headset intercom systems also prove useful in specialty operations. Crews can share information during hazmat response and identify key areas of concern to properly prepare, prioritize and make assignments.

During rescue operations, personnel can coordinate pressurizing or relieving the lines for hydraulic rescue tools. Knowing when the system needs to be dumped or recharged when changing from cutters to spreaders to rams can save time and lives. Porcella sees additional benefits for headset communication systems during rescue operations: “The rescue truck system is hooked up so the paramedic in the back of the vehicle can communicate clearly with the driver or the hospital and still have his hands free to work on the patient.”

Not surprisingly, headset communication systems also are proving themselves useful on a variety of marine vessels during water-rescue operations. The high noise generated by hovercraft and boats can make voice communication nearly impossible. “Now we can communicate clearly with the police and the harbor master's boat without straining to hear over the propeller and engine noise,” says Chief Chris Jolda of Webster (Mass.) Rescue Squad, which installed a headset system on its hovercraft. “The system does double duty by providing both clear communication and hearing protection.”

Configurations & applications

There are a variety of intercom communication systems using headsets and an even greater variety of operational configurations. Generally speaking, system components include noise-attenuating headsets, a master station controller, and one or more remote headset stations and radio-interface modules. Headsets and radio adapters are compatible with most two-way radio models.

There are varieties of installation configurations for headset intercom communication systems that are tailored to apparatus and application needs. Two of the more common are ambulance/rescue vehicle installations and engine with pump-panel installations. System installation may consist of a variety of components including headsets, a master station, one or more radio-interface modules, utility radio adapters, and appropriate cords and connectors. Some manufacturers are also able to assist in the selection and configuration of components to design a system that will meet the given needs of nearly any application.

New equipment is continually being designed and manufactured to expand the applications and increase the comfort, performance and versatility of headset communication systems. Some manufacturers are now producing headsets and components that are certified intrinsically safe when used in conjunction with intrinsically safe — rated portable and mobile radios. These headset systems enhance safety and provide clear communication in potentially explosive, combustible or hazardous environments. Some products are designed to fit under protective headgear and suits.

Comfort is an important concern of headset system manufacturers. To this end, some headsets now feature specially designed ear seals with contoured, undercut shapes that provide more interior room for the ear, as well as improved comfort gels to form a better, more supple ear seal. New headbands also are being developed that are wider and more tapered, featuring double-foam construction that provides a more comfortable fit for over-the-head styles.

Master stations, radio-interface modules and radio adapters should be designed for dependability and ease of use. For example, radio adapters are available with standard push buttons to receive and transmit, or they may feature large pad-like “body switches.” This combination replaces the common speaker microphone to help with the background noise.

Interoperability has been identified as an important need for headset communication systems. Headset systems have been designed to allow a single user to receive and transmit communications from as many as four different mobile radios. This technology is proving especially useful for disaster management and homeland security, where communications from fire, police and rescue personnel can be coordinated from a single point of contact.

What to purchase

There are many considerations that should influence the purchase of a particular type of headset communication system. Among the most important questions to ask are what applications will the system be used for, what is the appropriate headset style, and what are the requirements of each vehicle position?

Fire apparatus will require a system that performs radio and intercom operations intuitively, flawlessly and with workhorse-type durability and quality. Many engine companies will run literally thousands of calls per year and must depend on these communication tools.

If the headset communication system is being considered for a water craft, the requirements for water and corrosion resistance are much greater than those of a mobile command center or ambulance. A system specifically designed for the demanding marine environment will provide greater long-term performance for the department and the community that invests in the system. In contrast, a mobile command center application will typically necessitate greater radio controls, lightweight headsets for personnel and communication flexibility.

Appropriate headsets, system capacity and position requirements go hand-in-hand. Most manufacturers have systems that accommodate emergency crews from one to 12 members. It is important to identify the needs of each crew position on the apparatus when determining the system configuration. For example, a common fire truck will include a driver, officer, multiple jump seat positions and a pump panel. While the driver and officer will need both intercom and radio interface to share information with the crew, dispatch and other personnel, the jump positions will typically operate on intercom and not require radio-interface capability.

The same holds true with regard to headset selection. A crew member may require a typical dual-ear dome model, but if there is a need to hear ambient sound or commands, a single-ear dome or slotted dome may work best. If the headset will be worn under a safety helmet, a behind-the-head as opposed to an over-the-head style will allow users to perform more efficiently. With the help of a knowledgeable manufacturer, addressing proper equipment selection and crew member requirements will ensure optimum performance and smooth operation in time of need.

Though there are systems available in a wide range of price points, it's imperative to choose a system that will not only meet application requirements, but that can be counted on for quality, dependability and problem-free performance, call after call and year after year. It's also important to select a manufacturer that stands behind its products and provides prompt and efficient customer service each and every time.

The choice is not always an easy one, but a system that will hold up to the rigors of the fire/rescue service environment is critical. Departments make sure their personnel have the best turnout gear and the best packs — a quality headset communication system should be equally important.

---

Keith LeBlanc is the sales manager for fire products at David Clark Co.