Mutual Aid

Why ICS remains the blue standard for fireground operations

 

By Roger McGary

A few months back, Janet Wilmoth wrote an article on Alan Brunacini's Blue Card training program. I take exception to some of the comments in the article. Brunacini long will be remembered for his achievements in incident command. In fact, the nation’s fire services owe him a debt of gratitude for this work. But the authors of the various FireScope documents that gave the fire service the incident command system also are owed plaudits.

There were concerns in the early 1990s over having having two systems, AKA, why can’t we all just get along? Those concerns led to the formation of the IMS Consortium, which developed model procedures for incident command and a number of special documents related to functional ICS requirements.

Then came 2001 and a directive for further standardization — the National Incident Management System (NIMS). Remember, ICS is only one component of NIMS, and HSPD5 and HSPD8 made it a legal requirement. When one reads these documents it’s easy to interpret them as referencing large fires. This is far from the truth. The beauty of ICS is its ability to build from the smallest to the largest incident due to its modular nature. As an instructor, I’ve often heard students say that they don’t use ICS on a day-to-day basis, but “we will when the big one comes along”. But during the "big one," is the fire officer reverts back to his/ or her comfort zone. In other words, if they don’t use ICS on the small one, surely they won’t do it on the big one.

RELATED: Are NIMS and ICS the same?

ICS, as promulgated in NIMS, is a day-to-day system, contrary to comments made in the Blue Card article. From the basic structure fire, which would have, at a minimum, the IC, Safety Officer, Division 1, Division 2 and vent group to a full-blown, 1,000-acre wildland fire with the IC, command staff, section chiefs, branches, divisions, groups, strike teams and crews, ICS works. Fire departments across this nation have implemented ICS and find that it works from minor to major and in ‘all hazards’ incidents. As a standard it ensures that departments coming from another jurisdiction and that might be many states removed (also ICS trained), can easily function in the existing command structure.

With all due respect to the Brunacini, the Blue Card system is an attempt to continue the Fireground Commander in lieu of the national standard. It does not comply with NIMS ICS in terminology or organizational structure. Obviously, each fire chief must make his/her decision on what system to use. The bottom line — and I’m sure Brunacini would agree — is that we give the best possible service to the citizens we serve regardless of the command system we choose.

Fire chiefs should take advantage of the National Fire Academy courses that provide the foundation for building ICS (or improving skills), all done with simulation. Two of these courses (Command & Control of Incident Operations and C&C Decision Making in Multiple Alarm Incidents), designed for firefighter through chief, provide that training. CCIO is taught in the field and at the NFA while CCDMAI is only taught at the NFA in Emmitsburg, Md.

Roger McGary currently serves as fire chief of the Silver Spring (Md.) Fire Department, retired assistant chief in Montgomery County, Md., contract instructor in the Incident Management curriculum at the National Fire Academy and with MFRI, past president of ISFSI and FDSOA.

Discuss this Blog Entry 7

Anonymous (not verified)
on Dec 20, 2012

Thank you, Roger!

inmyview37 (not verified)
on Dec 21, 2012

In trying to remain objective in this ongoing debate, it seems to me the two sides, NIMS and Blue Card, are not really that far apart, that Blue Card concepts may be able to be effectively implemented within the NIMS ICS system. The author asserts that "Blue Card "...does not comply with NIMS ICS in terminology or organizational structure." But, there is no support given for this assertion. As someone trying to evaluate the commentary, some support for the basis of your commentary would be helpful.

Anonymous (not verified)
on Dec 21, 2012

I agree with Chief McGary wholeheartedly. We have become consumed with NIMS and competing command systems that we fail to appreciate and utilize the modular ICS method.

Drew Smith (not verified)
on Dec 24, 2012

While I have great respect for Chief McGary and have read his various contributions to the profession over the past 30-plus years I would have to disagree with his comments on a few points.

First, Blue Card does not disregard the role of NIMS and ICS. In fact, the program stresses that all events start out local and progress. Further, very few progress past a single operational period and to the point of needed a Type I, II, or II ICS structure. If your hang up is the term SECTOR, well Blue Card is savvy enough to use the term SDG (Sector/Division/Group). I for one don’t lose sleep over this frequently cited issue.

Second, I believe Blue Card does comply with NIMS and ICS in both terminology and structure. I have already addressed the SDG issue. As for other matters, everything else appears organized under OPERATIONS which is the role of the IC until such time as the IC designates an Operations Chief. Span of control is a tenant of Blue Card and as I see it, a Type IV or V incident can be managed following the Blue Card easily accommodating five SDGs each with five companies with each company having up to six members (boss plus five workers under each boss). In the metro Chicago area this level of resources would be at the level of a fourth or fifth alarm. If non-hazard zone support activities are needed they can be organized under SDGs as well and managed. Five to one is the guideline but should there be six or seven SDGs I do believe that is still NIMS/ICS compliant.

Finally, Blue Card has done what no other program has done to date: Provide a platform where students of the discipline can APPLY what they have learned. All the self-study and online training developed by DHS/FEMA/USFA/NFA lacks this essential component. Between limited offerings and personal challenges very few of the thousands of members of our nation’s fire service are able to travel to Emmitsburg to participate in the ICS courses offered. Application, and repeated application, such as the Blue Card online and CTC programs fills this need. I would think given the vast resources of our Federal government this component could be delivered.

John Brunacini (not verified)
on Jan 28, 2013

Chief McGary,

I totally disagree with your article. But I believe everybody has a right to voice their own opinion. I also believe that none of us get to make up our own facts, especial when they are misrepresented in the public’s eye in order to sway people to your own opinion(s).

I could write all day about comparing the Blue Card command system to NIMS, but it would be a very, very long response. I’ll just address the following misrepresentations in your blog…

”With all due respect to the Brunacini, the Blue Card system is an attempt to continue the Fireground Commander in lieu of the national standard. It does not comply with NIMS ICS in terminology or organizational structure.” Chief Roger McGary

I would have liked to have had some more specific items to refer to, but none were given other than “…terminology or organizational structure…” The NON-NIMS compliant items I keep hearing about around the country from people like Ch McGary are:

1. The On-Deck deployment model used to manage IDLH hazard zone air supplies
2. The totally false accusation that we have eliminated RIC operations from the fireground
3. The word “Sector” used as a geographic and function subdivision.
4. The use of a Support Officer and Senior Advisor in the command post on Type 4 and 5 events

Let me address these by saying #1 and #2 is not addressed in any NIMS documentation ANYWHERE. NIMS does NOT address:

• Water supply
• Ground ladder placement
• Attack line management
• Air Management
• Search and Rescue
• Rapid Intervention (in any way)
• Fire behavior
• Fire Control
• Loss control activities

When you say these items are not NIMS compliant when we address them, you’re saying that the ENTIRE American Fire Service is NOT NIMS compliant because no structural firefighting strategies or tactics are mentioned anywhere in ANY NIMS documents (or NFPA 1561 or 1026). So it doesn’t matter who’s talking about rapid intervention (FDNY, Chicago, Houston, LA, or Phoenix) in your opinion, we are all NON-NIMS Compliant because none of these activities are mentioned in NIMS??????

Item #3 – Fire Command 1st edition was published in 1985 and the 2nd edition was published in 2001. In the past 28 years it has sold over 500,000 copies worldwide. It is extensively used outside the US in most English speaking countries. It uses the term “Sector” to subdivide the incident scene. This term was used 15 years around the world before NIMS was implemented in 2001.

The Blue Card training and certification program (est. 2009) uses the term “Sector, Division, Group” (SDG) in all of our training material in order to accommodate all of our customers outside of the US who still use the term “Sector” (Canada, Australia, and New Zealand). All of the radio traffic used in the training and certification program is 100% NIMS compliant, with the word “Sector” never being used. I think most firefighters in the country are a little smarter than you give them credit for and they can figure what word to use depending on their location.

Item #4 – Our “Command Team” members who form up to manage escalating, short term, local incidents are called the IC, Support Officer and Senior Advisor. These organizational terms are not in any NIMS documents. They are locally named command support “roles” that provide the necessary, short term command support needed to control local, short duration events. These events are not talked about in ANY NIMS documents because all of the NIMS materials are geared towards the “BIG ONE”. The NIMS command system requires filling a total of 120 plus command and section roles (double that if you have aircraft involved in the deployment). Most US fire departments have half that number of people.

Blue Card is NIMS compliant and conforms to all Federal management rules and regulations. Most of the people who run around the country accusing people of not being “NIMS Compliant” haven’t read all of the documentation that regulates a local fire department. NFPA 1561 and 1026 specifically leaves local, Type 4 & 5 command training, certification, and deployments to the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).

When there is a National NIMS Incident in town, all of the locals have to know how the big system works and where they fit into it. In order to be NIMS compliant, all members have to go through the NIMS 100’s series certifications depending on what role they fill in the organization (the answers are taped next to the computer and they don’t talk about managing a hazard zone or someone’s air supply working in one). Blue Card has NEVER, EVER stated that the locals don’t have to do this training in order to stay compliant. Blue Card training and certification DOES NOT replace anyone from having to fulfill this NIMS training requirement.

On the local level, every fire department has the right to do the due diligence involved in protecting their members working in a hazard zone. Blue Card offers them a training curriculum and a certification process that centers on managing and protecting workers in an IDHL hazard zone that’s 100% NIMS Compliant. This is an area that NIMS doesn’t address and was never meant to. But according to you, anybody who tries managing a firefighter’s air supply is not NIMS compliant? Or are you saying Chief McGary, that anybody else in the country can talk about hazard zone management except the Brunacini’s???

John Brunacini

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Janet Wilmoth grew up in a family of firefighters in a Chicago suburb. She first worked for FIRE CHIEF magazine in 1986 as an associate editor and also served as FIRE CHIEF's international...

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